|
This List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations describes various English words generally describing the same person, place or thing with two or more different words. After the Norman invasion of England in 1066 many of the more refined English (Anglo-Saxon) words describing finished products were replaced by words imported from Anglo-Norman (such as "beef," a prepared food). In contrast, common unfinished equivalents continued to use the native English term (such as "cow," a living animal). This replacement can be explained by the fact that meat was an expensive product at the time and that the lord and nobleman of Norman origin were eating it more often than the commoners, who were raising the livestock. This duality is also mirrored in French, where "beef" is ''boeuf'', but "cow" is ''vache''. These dual version words later formed the basis of the Middle English wordstock, and were eventually passed into the modern language.〔Stephan Gramley, Kurt-Michael Pätzold, A survey of modern English (Routledge, 2003) http://books.google.com/books?id=yX5mkM2_u-sC&source=gbs_navlinks_s〕 In some cases, these dual variations are distant etymological twins, as in cow/beef, both from Proto-Indo-European *''gʷōus,'' but in other cases, such as calf/veal, they come from distinct PIE roots. Generally, words coming from French often retain a higher register than words of Anglo-Saxon origin, and are considered by some to be more elaborate, sophisticated, or pretentious. Compare ''drink'' (Anglo-Saxon) and ''beverage'' (French). However, this is not always the case: ''weep'', ''groom'' and ''stone'' (from Anglo-Saxon) occupy a slightly higher register than ''cry'', ''brush'' and ''rock'' (from French). Words taken directly from Latin and Ancient Greek are generally perceived as colder, more technical, and more medical or scientific – compare ''life'' (Anglo-Saxon) with ''biology'' (classical compound – a modern coinage created from Greek roots). ==List of English words with dual Old English/Old French variations== Foods Other words 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|